Ngā Āhuatanga Tauhokohoko | Tatau Whakamuri ki te Pikinga Taripa! Ka Piki Ake Te Utu o Ngā Kaweake Miro Haina ki te US mā te 100% Mai i te 1 o Noema?

I te 10 o Oketopa (wā ā-rohe), i whakapuaki te Perehitini o Amerika a Trump i tētahi kaupapa here nui: mai i te 1 o Noema, ka tāpirihia he taake 100% ki ngā taonga kawemai katoa mai i Haina hei tāpiri atu ki ngā taake o nāianei, me ngā hua kakahu pēnei i te miro, kāore he okotahi. I te whakakotahitanga me ngā taake Wāhanga 301 o nāianei, kua neke atu i te 50% te taake whānui mō ētahi hua miro, ka rua te utu mō ngā umanga ki te kaweake ki te US.

E ai ki ngā tataunga a te umanga, mēnā ka ngaro ngā ota nui a te US, ka pā ki te 2.5% o te moni whiwhi katoa o te umanga miro ā-rohe o Haina, ā, ka tūpono pea ngā kaha whakaputa iti me te rahi ki te whakamutua.

Kua ara ake anō hoki ngā kōrero wera i waenga i ngā kaiwhakamahi ipurangi mō tēnei kaupapa here. He tokomaha te hunga i kī tika "kei te hangaia e te US ngā momo uauatanga katoa mō Haina engari kāore e taea te aro ki ngā mahi ārai a ētahi atu." Mō ngā kaihoko whakawhiti-rohe, kua noho ko te piki me te heke o ngā utu tāke hei mea noa, ā, he mea nui kia whānui ake ngā mākete kanorau me te karo i ngā tūponotanga takitahi.

He pono rawa te kōrero a Trump i tēnei wā?

I roto i tētahi pūrongo nā The New York Times i te 10 o ngā rā, i kīia kua eke te reiti utu tāke o Amerika mō ngā taonga Haina ki te 30%, ā, mō ētahi hua, he teitei ake anō. Mā te nekehanga a Trump ka piki ake te utu tāke kawemai mō ngā taonga Haina ki te neke atu i te 130%, he tohu tēnei i te pikinga tere o ngā taupatupatu i waenganui i ngā ōhanga nui e rua o te ao. I te tīmatanga o tēnei tau, whai muri i ngā rauna maha o te whakapikinga tāke e te taha o Amerika, kua eke te taumata tāke i whakatakotoria ki Haina ki te 145%, ā, tata tonu te nuinga o te hokohoko i waenganui i ngā whenua e rua ki te mutu. I muri mai, ka tae a Haina me Amerika ki tētahi whakaaetanga whakamutu tāke hei whakatairanga i ngā whiriwhiringa hokohoko, me te whakaiti haere i ngā tāke ki te 30%. Mā te whakatinanatanga anō a te taha o Amerika i te riri tāke i tēnei wā ka whakangaro i ngā whakatutukitanga uaua i whiwhihia mā roto i ngā rauna maha o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ōhanga me te hokohoko i waenganui i a Haina me Amerika.

Kua kite te ao o waho kei te puta tonu mai ngā pānga kino o te kati o te kāwanatanga o Amerika i tēnei wā, ā, i hinga a Trump, kua pāngia kētia e te taumahatanga, i tana ngana ki te whiwhi i te Tohu Nobel mō te Rangimārie. I kī ētahi kaitātari pāpāho o Amerika, i waenganui i ngā raruraru ā-roto, ā-waho hoki me te tino koretake o te ngākau, ko te nekehanga a Trump ki te whakaputa i tōna riri mō ngā ture hou a Haina he ngana pea ki te huri i te aro o te motu.

Heoi, nā te whakawehi ohorere ki te whakapiki i te reiti taripa ki Haina mā te 100% kua kitea e te iwi whānui o Amerika he "mea whakamiharo". Mēnā ka whakatinanahia tēnei tatauranga āhua porangi, he rautaki whiriwhiri noa iho rānei a Trump, kua noho hei kaupapa tautohetohe i waenga i ngā rōpū katoa.

Mai i te rā i mua atu tae noa ki te rā i pānuitia ai e Trump te whakapikinga o te tari taake, kua whakauru kaha a Haina i ētahi mahi ārai e rua hei whakautu tika ki te pēhanga hokohoko a te US.

I te 9 o Oketopa, i tukuna e te Manatū Tauhokohoko o Haina tētahi pānui, e kore anake e whakakaha ake i te mana kaweake o ngā hua whenua onge tuatahi engari i whakaurua hoki ngā hangarau keri me te whakamahine whenua onge me ngā taputapu matua ki roto i te whānuitanga o ngā here kaweake mō te wā tuatahi. I te mea ko ngā whenua onge ngā rauemi mata matua i roto i ngā mara o te hanga atamai me te pūngao hou, ka pā tika tēnei mahi ki te pumau o ngā mekameka ahumahi me te tuku taonga e tika ana i te US.

I te 10 o Oketopa, i panuitia e te Manatū Waka o Haina i te wā kotahi, mai i te 14 o Oketopa, ka utua he utu taunga tāpiri mō ngā kaipuke haki-Amerika e tomo ana ki ngā tauranga Haina, ā, ko te paerewa utu he rite tonu ki ngā utu i whakatakotoria e te US ki ngā kaipuke Haina i mua. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ko te hokohoko moana i waenga i a Haina me te US e neke atu ana i te 70% o te katoa o te rahinga hokohoko i waenga i ngā whenua e rua. Mā tēnei mahi ka piki ake ngā utu o ngā kamupene kaipuke o Amerika, ka akiaki i a rātou ki te arotake anō i ngā utu whakahaere o te hokohoko me Haina, ā, ka āwhina ā-kore i ngā umanga kaweake ā-rohe kia nui ake te mana whiriwhiri.

I te aroaro o ngā arai taripa i te mākete o Amerika, kei te huri ngā mākete hou pēnei i a Amerika ki te Tonga me Awherika hei "wāhi haumaru" mō ngā umanga miro. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga kua piki ake te tono kawemai a ngā wheketere whatu o Brazil mō ngā miro miro vortex-spun me te air-jet o Haina mā te 12% ia tau, ā, neke atu i te 60% te whakawhirinakitanga o ngā umanga kakahu kāinga o Argentina ki ngā miro Hainamana mō te kawemai. Kua uru wawe a Shandong Weiqiao ki te Whakaaturanga Kakahu GTS o Brazil, ā, kua eke ki te ota e 2 miriona tāra US i te rā tuatahi. "He nui ake te aro o ngā kaihoko o Amerika ki te whai huatanga utu, ā, ko te utu o tā mātou miro mō ia tana he 8% te iti iho i te utu o ngā hua rite mai i Inia, koinei tō mātou painga matua."

He nui hoki te pūmanawa o ngā mākete i te taha o te "Belt and Road" me ngā whenua mema o te RCEP. I te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2025, i piki ake ngā kaweake miro a Haina ki te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia mā te 9.3%. I raro i te anga RCEP, ka taea e te 82% o ngā kāwai miro te whiwhi i ngā whakahekenga taripa, i ngā whakawāteatanga rānei. Whai muri i te tono a ngā umanga mō ngā tiwhikete takenga mai, ka taea te whakaiti haere i te taake kawemai i Cambodia mai i te 15% ki te kore, ka nui ake te kaha o te whakataetae mākete.

2. Te Aranga Hou o te Hua: Ka Ātete ngā Miro Uara-Tāpiri Nui ki ngā Mōrearea

I roto i ngā awheawhe whakaputa, kei te mahi tonu ngā raina whakaputa mō ngā miro huakita me ngā miro matao me ngā miro kawe wera graphene i tōna kaha katoa. He nui ngā arai hangarau o tēnei momo miro mahi, ā, ahakoa ka whakarerekētia te utu nā runga i ngā taripa, ka taea e ngā kiritaki o US te whakaae ki te pikinga utu tae atu ki te 30%. I te heke mai, ko te whakapiki ake i te haumi R&D ki ngā hua miro mō ngā kākahu o waho me ngā papanga hauora ka noho hei "pā" mō ngā umanga ki te ātete i ngā mōrearea taripa.

E whakaū ana hoki ngā au o te ahumahi i tēnei ahunga. I te tau 2025, ka piki ake te hiahia o te ao mō ngā miro e pai ana ki te taiao mā te 15%, ā, e 2-3 ngā wā teitei ake te wāhi utu nui mō ngā muka atamai me ngā miro hangarua i tērā o ngā hua tuku iho. E matapaetia ana ka eke te wāhi mākete o ngā miro kounga teitei ki te 35% i te tau 2030, ā, ko te whakapai ake i te hangarau te mea nui mō ngā umanga ki te wikitoria i ngā uauatanga.

Ka whiriwhiri ētahi umanga ki te whakawhiti mā te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia hei whakaiti i ngā utu taripa, engari kāore e taea te wareware i ngā tūponotanga o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. I mua, i whakatauhia e te Tari Taake o Amerika he "nō Haina" tētahi umanga miro i Zhejiang nā te mea i mahia e rātou te tapahi me te tuitui i Cambodia me te kore e whakawhiti i te tukanga whakaputa, ā, ka hua ake he pikinga ohorere o ngā taripa mā te 27.5 ōrau. Whai muri i te whakatikatika, ka whakawhitihia e te umanga te tukanga raranga miro ki te rohe, ā, me te tiwhikete takenga mai Cambodia e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga, ka whakaitihia te reiti taake ki te 25.6%.

"Kei te whakaoti rapanga te hangarau mekameka poraka i te rapunga o te mekameka tuku," te kī a ngā tohunga ahumahi. Mā te whakatakoto rauemi ki runga i te mekameka hei whakaatu i te tukanga whakaputa katoa i te wā tūturu, ka taea te karo i te mōrearea o te tinihanga takenga mai. I tēnei wā, e ono ngā umanga miro matua i Fujian kua kite i te whakahaere mekameka tuku tirohanga.

Ahakoa kei te pāngia te mākete o Amerika e ngā ohorere, kei te mau tonu te pūmanawa whānui o te mākete miro o te ao. Ka eke te rahi o te mākete miro o te ao ki te $43 piriona i te tau 2025, ā, kāore anō kia rerekē te tauira e neke atu ana i te 60% o Āhia. E taunaki ana te Kaunihera Kakahu me te Kākahu ā-Motu o Haina kia whakamahia e ngā umanga he whakatakotoranga raina-rua: i roto i te motu, tūhuratia ngā āhuatanga wehewehe pēnei i ngā kākahu hākinakina me ngā papanga hauora hei whakatutuki i te hiahia o ngā kaihoko o te motu; i te ao whānui, whakamahia te hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe hei hanga waitohu DTC (Direct-to-Consumer) me te toro tika atu ki ngā kaihoko mutunga o tāwāhi.

"Ehara pea i te mea kino te pikinga ake o ngā utu tāke i ngā mahi ahumahi," te kī a ngā kaitātari o te Tari Whakahaere Matua o ngā Tikanga. I ngā hauwhā tuatahi e toru o te tau 2025, i piki ake te maha o ngā tono pateni ā-rohe mō ngā miro atamai mā te 47% i ia tau. "Ko te kaha tautoko mekameka ahumahi katoa o ngā miro Haina he painga matua tonu e kore e taea te whakakapi e Āhia ki te Tonga-Rawhiti. Mena ka kitea te huarahi tika, ka taea te hopu i ngā whai wāhitanga hou i roto i te āhuatanga e huri haere ana."