Ahakoa te korenga o te GSM papanga (karamu mō ia mita tapawha) he raruraru iti noa iho, kāore e nui te pānga ki te hokohoko noa. Heoi, mō ngā ota kaweake, mō ngā tauwhitinga hokohoko motuhake rānei, ko te GSM te mea tino nui. Ehara i te mea onge mō ngā umanga te whiwhi ota nui, engari ka tūtaki ki ngā whakahokinga mai, ki ngā kereme rānei nā te mea he iti iho te kounga o te GSM papanga. Kei raro nei ngā take mō te korenga o te GSM papanga.
1. Te Whakatau i te GSM papanga
Tuatahi, tirohia mēnā e rite ana te maha o ngā miro me te mātotoru o te papanga ki ngā whakaritenga. Tapahia he tauira tapawhā, tapawhā rānei mai i te papanga, me te whakarite kia rite ōna taha ki ngā miro whenu e rua me ngā miro whatu e rua. Inehia te roa me te whānui (i roto i ngā henimita) ki te rūri maitai hei tatau i te horahanga o te tauira kua tapahia (i roto i ngā henimita tapawhā). Kātahi ka paunatia te tauira ki runga i te tauine taurite (i roto i ngā mirikaramu).
Te tātai mō te tātaitanga GSM o te tauira:
GSM=1000Taumaha (mg)÷10000Horahanga (cm2)=Horahanga (cm2)Taumaha (mg)×10
1.1 Te Tātaitanga Whakakotahi me te Tikanga Utauta
Tauira: E 7 cm te roa o tētahi tauira papanga, e 8 cm te whānui, ā, e 772 mg te taumaha.
GSM=7×8772×10=138 karamu/m2
1.2 Tikanga Utauta-Anake
Whakamahia he mīhini tauira papanga porowhita. Whakatakotoria te papanga ki raro, ka hurihia te taputapu tapahi kia maha ngā wā hei tapahi i ngā tauira porowhita e toru (tangohia kia 20 cm te tawhiti atu i te pito papanga, i te taha rānei). Paunatia ngā tauira ki runga i te pauna hiko kia whiwhi ai i te uara GSM tika.
2. Te Tātai i te GSM o ngā Kakahu Kua Taea
Ko te GSM papanga hina e pā ana ki te taumaha mō ia wāhanga horahanga o te papanga, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā karamu mō ia mita tapawha (g/m²) me ngā auneke mō ia iari tapawha (oz/yd²). Ko te GSM tuturu ka pāngia nuitia e te ōwehenga whakaranu miro, te maha o ngā miro, te whānui o te papanga kua oti, me ngā tukanga whakaotinga. Kei raro nei ngā tātai māmā mō te tatau GSM:
2.1 Tātaitanga GSM mō ngā Kakahu Kore-Toro i Taea
GSM=(Tau o te Miro WīraKiato Wīra Kakahu Hina+Tau o te Miro WīraKiato Wīra Kakahu Hina)×24.3
Tauira: Tātaihia te GSM o tētahi papanga me ngā whakatakotoranga 20×16 / 128×60 / 63″.
GSM=(20128+1660)×24.3≈246.6 karamu/m2
Ko te awhe GSM tuturu he tata ki te 242–248 g/m².
2.2 Tātaitanga GSM mō ngā Kakahu Totoro Kua Oti
GSM=Whānui Kakahu Kua OtiWhānui Rākau×(Tau o te Miro WāhangaTe Kīanga o te Miro i runga i te Whatu×22.17+Tau o te Miro WhatuTe Kīanga o te Miro WhatuKīanga o te Miro Whatu Hina×21.4)
Tauira: Tātaihia te GSM o tētahi papanga me ngā whakatakotoranga C 78″ / 20×16+70D / 116×48.
GSM=5878×(20116×22.17+1648×21.4)≈259 karamu/m2
Ko te awhe GSM tuturu he tata ki te 260–265 g/m².
Kia mōhio: Ko te 78 inihi e pā ana ki te whānui o te wiwi, ā, ko te 58 inihi e pā ana ki te whānui o te papanga kua oti.
3. Te Whakataurite i waenga i te Tātaitanga Ngāwari me te Taumaha Tuturu
Whakatauritea te uara GSM i tatauhia mā te whakamahi i te tātai māmā ki te GSM tūturu i paunatia o te tauira papanga kua oti. I te nuinga o te wā, ka kiia he pai te rerekētanga i roto i te ±5 g/m². Me tātari hohonu te rerekētanga nui. I runga i ngā tau o te wheako, kua whakarāpopototia ngā tauira e whai ake nei:
He mea noa te rerekētanga i roto i te ±5 g/m² i raro i ngā āhuatanga paerewa. Mō ngā rerekētanga nui, whai i ēnei aratohu: He iti ake ngā rerekētanga o ngā miro kiato kua heruhia.
- Mō ngā miro polyester-miro, ngā miro polyester-nailona whakaranu, me ngā miro muka matū, he teitei ake te pūmau tahuritanga i te pūmau 583.1 e whakamahia ana mō te miro parakore. He teitei ake te tatau tex tuturu o ngā miro o te tatau ingoa ōrite, ā, ka iti ake ngā uara GSM kua tatauhia i ngā uara pauna tuturu.
- Ka hangaia ngā miro whatu mā te whakapiko i ngā miro takitahi e rua, neke atu rānei. Nā te whakahekenga o te miro, he matotoru ake te maha o ngā miro i te maha o ngā miro, ā, ka iti iho ngā uara GSM i ngā uara taumaha. Ka kitea nuitia tēnei rerekētanga ina whatuhia ngā miro whenu me ngā miro whatu.
- He mea hanga ngā miro miro tuwhera ki ngā muka tāpara, ā, ka nui te ngaronga i te wā e horoia ana i mua i te maimoatanga o te tae me te tā, ā, ka nui ake ngā uara GSM i tatauhia i ngā uara pauna tuturu.
- I te nuinga o te wā ka piki te GSM mā te 5–6.5% i muri i te maimoatanga horoi.
- Mō ngā papanga pouri, nā te taumaha o te tae ka paku teitei ake ngā uara GSM i tatauhia i ngā uara pauna tuturu.
- Mō ngā papanga mā, mārama rānei te tae, he paku teitei ake ngā uara GSM kua tatauhia i ngā uara pauna tuturu.
- Ka piki te GSM mā te 3–7% i muri i te maimoatanga paninga.
- Ka heke te GSM mā te 3.5–6% i muri i te maimoatanga o te suede.
4. Ngā Take mō te Whakaiti i te Kakahu Kua Oti GSM
- Mā te nui rawa o te totoro i te wā o mua i te maimoatanga ka heke te mātotoru o te whenu.
- Te totoro rawa i te papanga kua oti kia whānui rawa.
- Ka kino ngā muka o te miro i te kukū nui o te kawakore me te pāmahana tino tiketike i te wā tukatuka muri.
- He angiangi ake te miro mata i te tau kua tohua (hei tauira, ko te miro 40S noa iho he 41S te ine).
- Ka nui te maringi o te muka i te wa e raranga ana te miro mata, ā, ka angiangi ake te miro, ka iti ake hoki te GSM.
- Mā te whakahou tae, te tango rānei i te tae ka nui te ngaronga o te miro, ā, ka angiangi ake te miro.
- Ka maroke te mata o te kakahu i te kaha rawa o te mura i te wā e tahuna ana; ka pakaru te miro i ngā tukanga whakamaroke i muri mai, ka angiangi haere.
- Te kino ki te mata o te papanga i te wā e paraihetia ana, e whakaotihia ana rānei te hū.
Wā tuku: 18 o Ākuhata 2025