He wā pai tēnei! Ka tukuna ngā kamupene tā me te tae kakahu ki uta ki te takutai moana, ā, ka whai wāhi mai a Hubei!

I te 11 o Hānuere, i puta te pūrongo mō Hubei i te putanga tuaiwa o te Economic Daily, ā, i whakarewahia he tuhinga "Te Whakaora i ngā Ahumahi Pai Tuku Iho – Ka whakahaerehia e Hubei he rangahau mō te whakawhiti i te Ahumahi Kakahu me te Kākahu o te Tai Rāwhiti". Arotahi ki a Hubei kia hopukina te tauira whanaketanga hou, kia tukuna hoki ngā whai wāhitanga ki ngā rohe o waenganui me te hauauru e te ahumahi kakahu me te kakahu o te takutai, me te whakatairanga kaha i te ahumahi hanga kakahu ki te taumata teitei, ki te mātauranga, me te matomato. Anei te tuhinga katoa:

He umanga taketake te umanga kakahu me te kakahu e pā ana ki te oranga o ia rā o te tangata. Hei umanga tuku iho, he umanga whai hua, he turanga pakari, he āhuatanga motuhake hoki tō te umanga kakahu me te kakahu o Hubei, engari he wā poto anō hoki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi. I ngā tau tata nei, nā te whakawhiti o ngā umanga kakahu me te kakahu o te takutai moana ki te tuawhenua, kua whakatūwherahia e Hubei ngā whai wāhitanga hou hei whakaora i te umanga kakahu. Ka taea e Hubei te hopu i tēnei ngaru o ngā auahatanga hou me ngā whai wāhitanga?

Nā te whakahoutanga me te whakatuwheratanga, kua tere te whanaketanga o te umanga kakahu me te ahumahi kakahu i ngā rohe takutai moana pērā i a Guangdong, Fujian me Zhejiang. Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1980, kua tae mai te iwi o Hubei ki ngā rohe takutai moana ki te whakapau kaha ki te umanga kakahu, ā, i muri i ngā whakatipuranga maha o te kohikohi, kua pakaru mai rātou i tō rātou ake ao.

I ngā tau tata nei, nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā rauemi mata, ngā utu mahi, me ngā whakarerekētanga kaupapa here ahumahi, he maha ngā umanga kakahu me ngā kākahu o te takutai moana kua neke ki te tuawhenua. I taua wā anō, he tokomaha ngā kaimahi ahumahi o Hubei i hoki mai ki Hubei, ā, i whai wāhi ai rātou ki te "rangatiratanga tuarua" o te umanga kakahu o Hubei. He mea nui ki a Hubei te āhua o te mahi a ngā tāngata i hoki mai ki Hubei, i whakatakoto i tētahi mahere hei whakaora i te umanga kakahu me ngā kākahu i Hubei, i whakamaheretia, i hangaia hoki he maha ngā papa kakahu me ngā wāhi huihuinga, ā, i whakahaerehia he maha ngā umanga hanga kakahu me ngā kākahu i neke mai i ngā rohe takutai moana.

Kei te pēhea te mahi a ēnei kainoho? He aha te tirohanga whanaketanga ā muri ake nei mō te umanga kakahu me te kakahu o Hubei? I tae atu ngā kairīpoata ki Jingmen, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang me ētahi atu wāhi ki te tūhura i te whakaoranga o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu o Hubei.
Hei whakahaere i te whakawhiti whakawhirinakitanga
I te tirohanga whānui, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā kawanatanga takutai, he ngoikoretanga kei roto i te whanaketanga o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu i Hubei. Mō te hunga mahi, he nui ake te whiwhinga moni o ngā kawanatanga takutai e kukume ana i ngā kaimahi pūkenga kounga teitei, ā, he whakataetae pūkenga mārama ki a Hubei; Mō te mekameka ahumahi, ahakoa kei mua te putanga o te miro me te kakahu i Hubei i te whenua, he iti noa ngā umanga tukatuka mekameka pēnei i te tā me te tae me ngā umanga tuku pēnei i ngā taputapu mata, inā koa te korenga o ngā umanga matua, ā, kāore anō kia oti te mekameka ahumahi. Mō te wāhi me te mākete, he nui ake ngā painga o ngā rohe takutai pēnei i a Guangdong me Fujian i roto i te hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe me ētahi atu mara.

Heoi anō, he maha ngā painga o te whanaketanga o te umanga kakahu me te raranga i Hubei. Mai i te tirohanga o te turanga ahumahi, ko te umanga kakahu te umanga tuku iho whai hua i Hubei, me te pūnaha katoa me ngā kāwai katoa. Kua roa a Wuhan e noho ana hei pokapū umanga kakahu nui rawa atu i waenganui o Haina. Mai i te tirohanga waitohu, i ngā tau 1980 me 1990, me te Tiriti Hanzheng hei wāhi whānau, i rongonui ai te rōpū waitohu kakahu momo Han pērā i a Aidi, Red people, me Cat people i te whenua, e tū tahi ana me te kura o Hangzhou me te kura o Guangdong, ā, ko "Qianjiang Tailor" te tohu koura o Hubei. Mai i te tirohanga o ngā āhuatanga o te waka, kei waenganui āhuahanga o te hanganga taimana ōhanga o Haina a Hubei, e rere ana te awa o Yangtze, e tūtaki ana ngā raina kawe tuara rawhiti-uru, raki-tonga ki Wuhan, ā, kua whakatuwheratia te taunga rererangi o Ezhou Huahu, te taunga rererangi utanga nui rawa atu i Āhia. Ko ēnei painga te turanga o te whanaketanga o te umanga kakahu me te raranga i Hubei.

"Mai i te tirohanga whanaketanga, ko te whakawhiti i te umanga kakahu me te kakahu he kōwhiringa e kore e taea te karo, e ai ki ngā ture ōhanga." I kī a Xie Qing, te tumuaki tuarua o te China Textile Industry Enterprise Management Association, i ēnei rā, kua nui ake te pikinga o te utu o te whenua me te mahi i ngā rohe takutai moana i tērā o mua, ā, he roa te hītori o te whanaketanga o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu o Hubei, ā, kei a ia te pūtake hei whakahaere i te whakawhiti ahumahi.

I tēnei wā, kei te anga whakamua te umanga hanga kakahu ki te taumata teitei, ki te mātauranga, ki te matomato hoki, kua tino rerekē ngā mākete o te whare me te ao, ā, kua rerekē hoki te hanganga hua me te mākete hoko o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu o Haina. Kei te kaha te aro atu o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu o Hubei ki ngā huringa o te mākete, he mea nui kia mau ki te ia o te mākete hei whakaora anō i te kaha.

"I roto i te wā e haere ake nei, ka nui ake ngā whai wāhitanga o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu o Hubei i ngā wero." I kī a Sheng Yuechun, te kawana tuarua o te Porowini o Hubei me te mema o te rōpū matua o te Rōpū, kua whakarārangihia e Hubei te umanga kakahu me te kakahu hei tētahi o ngā mekameka ahumahi e iwa e puta ake ana. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga i te tau 2022, e 1,651 ngā umanga o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu o Hubei kei raro i te ture, ā, kua eke ki te whiwhinga moni pakihi o te 335.86 piriona yuan, ko te tuarima o te whenua, ā, he tūranga pai tana ki te whakarite i te tuku, te whakahohe i te tono ā-rohe, te whakapai ake i te mahi me te whakapiki i te whiwhinga moni.

I te hauwhā tuawhā o te tau 2022, nā te mate urutā COVID-19 me te whakarerekētanga o ngā kaupapa here ahumahi i Guangdong, he tokomaha ngā kaimahi pūkenga mai i Hubei i hoki mai ki Hubei. E ai ki ngā urupare a te Rōpū Ahumahi Ahua Kākahu o te Rūma Tauhokohoko o Hubei i te Porowini o Guangdong, e 300,000 ngā tāngata e mahi ana i te tukatuka kākahu i te "kāinga o Hubei" i Guangdong, ā, e 70% o ngā kaimahi i hoki mai ki Hubei i taua wā. E matapaetia ana e ngā tohunga ka noho te 60% o te 300,000 tāngata i "ngā kāinga o Hubei" ki Hubei mō te mahi.

Ko te hokinga mai o ngā kaimahi pūkenga he whai wāhitanga mō te whakarerekētanga me te whakapai ake i te umanga kakahu o Hubei. I te Porowini o Hubei, ehara i te mea he raruraru mahi tere noa iho ēnei kaimahi heke e tika ana kia whakatauhia, engari he kaha whai hua hoki mō te whakapai ake i te ahumahi. I tēnei whakaaro, he mea nui ki te Komiti Rōpū Porowini o Hubei me te kāwanatanga porowini, ā, kua tū ētahi hui motuhake hei ako i ngā mahi hei whakahaere i te whakawhiti ahumahi me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu. Nā Sheng Yuechun i ārahi, i whakahaere hoki i ngā mahi maha pērā i te hui whakarerekētanga hangarau kakahu me te kakahu me te huihuinga mō ngā tohunga i roto i te umanga kakahu me te kakahu hou hei tono whakaaro, hei wetewete i ngā raruraru, hei huri i te raruraru hei whai wāhitanga, me te tuhi i tētahi mahere mō te tīmatanga tuarua o te umanga kakahu o Hubei.
Te ahunga whakauru whakataetae rerekē
Hei hopu i te whai wāhitanga o ngā kaimahi ahumahi ki te hoki ki ō rātou kāinga, me te whakatairanga i te panonitanga whānui me te whakapai ake i te umanga kakahu, i whakaputa te Porowini o Hubei i te Mahere Mahi Toru Tau mō te Whakawhanaketanga Kounga-tiketike o te Ahumahi Kakahu me te Kakahu i te Porowini o Hubei (2023-2025), e tohu ana i te huarahi mō te whanaketanga kounga-tiketike o te umanga kakahu me te kakahu.

E mārama ana te "Mahere" me hopu te tauira whanaketanga hou me te whai wāhi ki te ahumahi kakahu me te kakahu o te takutai moana ki te neke ki ngā rohe o waenganui me te hauauru, kia piri ki te ahunga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, te ahua, me te whanaketanga matomato, kia aro ki te whakanui ake i ngā momo, te whakapai ake i te kounga, me te waihanga waitohu, me te whai kia whakakapia ngā papa poto me te hanga papa roa.

I raro i te "Mahere", kua whakatakoto a Hubei i ngā mahere motuhake mō te whanaketanga o te umanga kakahu. I kī a Sheng Yuechun, i tētahi taha, me arotahi ngā rohe katoa ki ngā painga ahumahi, me whakatinana i te whakatairanga haumi tika, te whakatairanga haumi hoa, me te whakapakari i te whakaurunga o ngā umanga matua, ngā waitohu rongonui me ngā whakatakotoranga pakihi hou; I tētahi atu taha, me ārahi tātou i te auahatanga, me te whakatakoto i a tātou anō ki runga i te mooni, me te whakatinana i te maha o ngā kaupapa whakapai ake ahumahi, rangahau pūtaiao me te hangarau, me te whakapakari mekameka.

Ko te whakaurunga o te "Mahere" ka tāpiri atu i tētahi atu ahi ki te panonitanga me te whakapai ake i te umanga kakahu huri noa i te motu. I kī pono te kaiwhakahaere matua o te Tāone o Tianmen: "Ko te umanga kakahu me te kakahu te umanga tuku iho o Tianmen, ā, ko te aro nui o te Komiti Rōpū ā-rohe me te kāwanatanga ā-rohe kua tāpiri i te maia mō ngā mahi ka mahia i roto i ia tāone."

I mea te kaiwhakahaere matua o te Tari Ōhanga me te Mōhiohio o Hubei: "Kia pai ai te mahi i roto i te hokinga mai o ngā umanga kakahu me te tautoko i te whanaketanga kounga teitei o te umanga kakahu, kua whakauruhia e Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang me te maha atu o ngā wāhi he kaupapa here me ngā mahi he nui te ihirangi koura me te arotahi kaha."

Ahakoa nō te mekameka ahumahi, nō te whakarōpūtanga rānei o ngā kākahu, he rerekē ngā wāhanga o te ahumahi kākahu. He rerekē te arotahi whanaketanga o te ahumahi kākahu i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te Porowini o Hubei, ā, mā te whanaketanga rerekē o te mekameka katoa me ngā kāwai maha i ngā tāone rerekē o te porowini ka taea te karo i te ōritetanga me te whakataetae iti-mutunga, te whakatairanga i te huarahi o te rerekētanga me te mahi tahi, ā, kia whai "tūranga matua" ia wāhi.

Hei tāone matua o te rohe, he pai ki a Wuhan te kawe waka watea, he maha ngā pūkenga, ā, he tino pai ngā painga ki te hoahoa kākahu, te hokohoko taonga, te rangahau pūtaiao me te auahatanga. I kī a Wang Yuancheng, he mema nō te Rōpū Kaiārahi Rōpū me te mēia tuarua o te Kāwanatanga o te Iwi o Wuhan: "Ka whakapakari a Wuhan i te mahi tahi me te Whare Wānanga Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o Huazhong, te Whare Wānanga Kakahu o Wuhan me ētahi atu rōpū ngaio i roto i te hoahoa hua, ngā hangarau matua, me ngā tono hua. Mā te whakawhanake i ngā wāhi tipu hou, ka kaha tā mātou mahi ki te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā papanga mahi, ngā papanga kākahu hou me ngā papanga ahumahi hei whakarei ake i te whakataetae o ngā wāhanga papanga me ngā kākahu."

Ko te turanga mekameka tuku ora o Hankou North Clothing City Phase II te wāhi huihuinga mekameka tuku kakahu Han nui rawa atu i waenganui o Haina. I whakapuaki a Cao Tianbin, te perehitini o Hankou North Group, e 143 ngā umanga kakahu kei te turanga, tae atu ki te 33 ngā kaihokohoko mekameka tuku, 30 ngā kaihokohoko hokohoko ipurangi papaaho, 2 ngā pakihi hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe, me te 78 ngā tīma whakapāho ora.

– I Jingzhou, kua noho te kākahu o ngā tamariki hei wāhanga nui o te umanga kākahu o te rohe. I te Huihuinga Whakawhanaketanga Mekameka Ahumahi Kakahu me te Kakahu o Haina i te tau 2023 i tū ki Jingzhou, neke atu i te 5.2 piriona yuan o ngā kaupapa kakahu me te kakahu i hainatia i taua wā tonu, me te haumitanga kua whakaaetia o te 37 piriona yuan. Kua whakamahia hoki e Jingzhou ōna painga tuku iho i roto i te mara o ngā kākahu pēpi me ngā tamariki hei hanga i tētahi tāone tamarikitanga koura.

– Ko “Qianjiang Tailor” tētahi o ngā waitohu ratonga mahi tekau o Haina. Mō te tukatuka kakahu, kua mahi tahi ngā umanga whakaputa a Qianjiang me te maha o ngā waitohu kakahu; ko Xiantao te rangatira o te ao i roto i te umanga tarau wahine, kei konei te tāone tarau wahine rongonui o Haina, a Maozui; e tumanako ana a Tianmen ki te whakawhanake tonu i te ao hokohoko ipurangi, ā, ka whakatūria he waitohu kakahu ā-rohe “Tianmen clothing”…
He huinga o ngā mahi hei whakaiti i ngā utu
He wāhi tūturu te pāka hei whakahaere i te whakawhiti ahumahi, ka taea te kohikohi i ngā ahumahi e pā ana ki te rohe, me te hanga painga tauine. E whakaaro ana te "Mahere" ki te ārahi i ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe ki te arotahi ki ngā painga me ngā āhuatanga ahumahi, ki te whakamahere ki te hanga pāka matua, me te whakapai ake i te kaha ki te whakahaere. I roto i ēnei ko Xiantao, Tianmen, Jingmen, Xiaogan me ētahi atu ahumahi kakahu o Guangdong.

I te Pāka Ahumahi Kākahu o te Tāone o Xiantao, a Maozui Town, ka oma te raina whakaputa atamai o te awheawhe whakaputa i roto i te huarahi tika. I runga i te mata rorohiko, ka tuhia ngā taipitopito o te hanga o ngā momo kākahu i runga i te raina huihuinga. "E 5,000 mu te rahi o te pāka, neke atu i te 1.8 miriona mita pūrua o ngā wheketere paerewa me te tata ki te 400 ngā umanga e pā ana ki te kākahu," te kī a Liu Taoyong, he hēkeretari o te rōpū o Maozui.

Ko te kaute utu whakaputa te kaupapa matua o te oranga tonutanga o ngā umanga. Ko ngā kaupapa here manakohanga tuatahi, arā, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa o ngā umanga, he mea nui tēnei mā ngā kāwanatanga o ngā taumata katoa o Hubei hei kukume i ngā umanga kakahu kia hoki whakamuri.

Ko te utu whenua te wāhanga matua o te kaute utu whakaputa umanga, ko te utu whenua iti te painga nui o Hubei ki te whakataurite ki ngā kawanatanga kua whanake i te takutai. Hei tautoko i te whanaketanga o ngā umanga neke i te wāhanga tuatahi o te umanga, ko te whakatinanatanga a te kāwanatanga i te whakahekenga reti mō ngā umanga e noho ana i ngā papa ahumahi he "rīhi me whai" i roto i ngā kaupapa here kua whakatinanahia puta noa i te motu.

"E whakaaro ana a Xiantao ko te umanga kakahu te umanga matua." I kī te kaiwhakahaere matua o te Tāone o Xiantao, me tutuki e te Tāone o Xiantao ngā whakaritenga o ngā umanga hanga kakahu, kia rite ki te rahi o te umanga, ka utua he utu reti ā-tau mō ngā tau e toru.

Kei te tau hoki ngā kaupapa here rite ki Qianjiang, Qianjiang Zhonglun Shangge clothing manufacturing Co., LTD., te tumuaki o Liu Gang i kī atu ki ngā kairīpoata: "I tēnei wā, he tautoko tā te kamupene i reti i te tipu, he kaupapa here pai anō hoki tā te nekehanga o ngā umanga, nō reira 'kāinga', kāore i nui te moni i pau."

Kāore e taea te wareware i te utu whakahaere o ngā umanga kakahu. Nā te mea kāore he pānga tauine i mua, ko te utu whakahaere he raruraru i tika kia arotahihia e ngā umanga kakahu o Hubei. Me pēhea te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere i Hubei? I tētahi taha, ka kohikohi i ngā umanga whakaputa hei whakarato i te whai wāhitanga mō ngā kamupene whakahaere ki te kohikohi tere i ngā mōkihi tere me te tohatoha rauemi; I tētahi atu taha, ka whakaratohia e ngā umanga whakahaere taunga he kaupapa here me te whai wāhitanga mō ngā umanga.

Kua whakapau kaha te kāwanatanga ki ngā whiriwhiringa me ngā kamupene kawe waka. I tatau te kaiwhakahaere matua o te Tāone o Tianmen i tētahi kaute ki te kairīpoata: "I mua, ko te utu kawe waka o ia umanga kakahu o Tianmen he neke atu i te 2 yuan, he nui ake i a Guangdong." Whai muri i ngā whiriwhiringa taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa, kua heke te utu kawe waka o Tianmen ki te haurua, he iti iho i te utu wae kawe waka i Guangdong."

Hei whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here, ko te whakatinanatanga te mea nui. I kī te kaiwhakahaere matua o te Tari Ōhanga me te Mōhiohio o Hubei kua whakatinanahia e Hubei te tikanga mahi o te "roa mekameka + mekameka matua + te waihanga mekameka" ā, kua whakaritea he mahere whānui hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga kounga teitei o te umanga kakahu me te kākahu. Kua hanga, kua whakatūria hoki e Hubei he pūnaha whakatairanga e arahina ana e ngā kaiārahi ā-rohe, e whakahaerehia ana e ngā tari ā-rohe, e tautokona ana e ngā tīma tohunga, ā, e whakatinanahia ana e ngā rōpū mahi motuhake. Ko te Tari Ōhanga me te Hangarau Mōhiohio ā-Rohe o Hubei te kaiārahi o te akomanga mahi motuhake, me te whai wāhi mai o ngā tari maha ki te whakarite me te whakaoti rapanga nui i roto i te whanaketanga ahumahi. Kei te tino piki haere te panonitanga me te whakapai ake i te umanga kakahu i Jingchu.
Ngā kaupapa here pai mō ngā umanga
Ko ngā umanga te pūtake matua o ngā mahi whakaputa me ngā mahi whakahaere, ā, ko rātou te kaha hou mō te whakarerekētanga me te whakapai ake i te umanga kakahu o Hubei. Whai muri i ngā tau maha o te pakanga i waho, he maha ngā kaiwhakahaere pakihi kakahu o Hubei e hiahia ana ki te hoki ki ō rātou kāinga tupu, me te kaha hoki ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou kāinga tupu.

Ko Liu Jianyong te kaiwhakahaere o Tianmen Yuezi Clothing Co., LTD., kua roa nei ia e mahi kaha ana i Guangdong, ā, kua hanga e ia tana ake wheketere hanga. I te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2021, ka hoki a Liu Jianyong ki tōna kāinga tupu i Tianmen, ā, ka whakatūria e ia te Yue Zi Clothing Company.

"He pai ake te āhua o te kāinga." Ko te āhua i kōrerotia e Liu Jianyong, i tētahi taha, e pā ana ki te taiao kaupapa here, ā, he maha ngā kaupapa here tautoko e pai ake ai a Liu Jianyong; I tētahi atu taha, he pai te turanga o te umanga kakahu o Tianmen.

I kī ētahi kaiārahi pakihi he mea nui ngā kaupapa here manakohanga hei kukume i a rātou ki te hoki ki te kāinga mō te whanaketanga.

He kaihanga kākahu māngai a Qidian Group i Tianmen, ā, i wehea e rātou tētahi wāhanga o tana pakihi mai i Guangzhou kia whanake ki Tianmen i te tau 2021. I tēnei wā, kua whakatūhia e te Rōpū ētahi kamupene e pā ana ki te hanga kākahu, tae atu ki te tuku taputapu whakapaipai mata, te hanga kākahu, te hokohoko ipurangi me te kawe tere.

"He maha ngā ota i tukuna mai i ngā tau kua taha ake nei, ā, he nui rawa ngā utu mō te whare putunga me ngā kaimahi i Guangzhou, ā, he nui rawa ngā mate." I kī atu a Fei Wen, te tumuaki o te kamupene, ki ngā kairīpoata, "I taua wā anō, i nekehia mātou e te kaupapa here a Tianmen, ā, i tū hoki he hui a te kāwanatanga ki Guangzhou hei kukume i te haumi me te whai wāhi atu ki ngā umanga." I waenganui i te "pana me te tō", ko te hoki ki te kāinga te kōwhiringa tino pai.

I hoki a Liu Gang ki tōna kāinga tupu ki te tīmata i tētahi pakihi mā tētahi atu ara – he hoa kāinga me ōna hoa kāinga. I mahi ia i Guangzhou i te tau 2002 hei kaimahi tuitui. "I hoki ahau ki Qianjiang mai i Guangzhou i te marama o Mei 2022, ko te nuinga o te wā i tukatukahia ai ngā ota mō tētahi tūāpapa hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe." He pai te pakihi mai i tōna hokinga mai, ā, he pumau tonu ngā ota. Hei tāpiri, he kaupapa here pai kei tōku kāinga tupu, nō reira i tohutohu mai ia kia hoki ahau ki te mahi tahi." I kī a Liu Gang i muri i tana mārama ki te āhua o te whanaketanga o te hunga iti e hoki ana ki te kāinga, ka tīmata ia ki te hoki ki te kāinga.

Haunga te taiao kaupapa here, he mea nui anō hoki te whānau e pā ana ki tō rātou hokinga ki te kāinga. I kitea i roto i te rangahau a te kairīpoata, i roto i te hunga i hoki mai, ahakoa he kaipakihi, he kaimahi rānei, ko te nuinga o rātou "kei muri i te 80", ko te nuinga kei roto i te āhua tawhito me te iti.

I whānau mai a Liu Gang i te tau 1987, e ai ki tāna ki ngā kairīpoata, "Ināianei kei te kura tuatahi ngā tamariki, kua pakeke ake ngā mātua. Ko te hoki ki te kāinga he mahi te take i tētahi taha, ā, hei tiaki i ngā mātua me ngā tamariki i tētahi taha."

He rite ngā umanga ki ngā kūtai mohoao, e whakatau ana i te wāhi mahi a ngā kaimahi ahumahi. He kaimahi tuitui noa a Li Hongxia, e 20 tau te pakeke mai i te tonga ki te raki ki te mahi, inaianei kua 40 ōna tau. "I muri i ēnei tau katoa, kāore he wā mōku ki te tiaki i tōku whānau. He maha ngā umanga kakahu i hoki mai ki te whakanui ake i ngā whai wāhitanga mahi i tōku kāinga, ā, i kōrero māua ko taku tāne mō te hoki ki te mahi, engari ki te tiaki hoki i ngā kaumātua me ngā tamariki. I tēnei wā, e 10,000 yuan te utu mōku i te marama," te kī a Li Hongxia.
Kei te tīmata ngā hua ki te whakaatu i te kaha o te nekehanga
I tēnei wā, kei te āta hanga te umanga kakahu me te ahumahi kakahu i Hubei i te mekameka tuku me te whakahou i te mekameka ahumahi i runga i te ahunga whanaketanga o "te pūtaiao me te hangarau, te ahua me te matomato", ā, nā reira ka whakatairanga i te whakapainga o te mekameka uara me te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga kounga teitei o te umanga. Nā te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here maha, kua whakaatuhia e te umanga kakahu me te ahumahi kakahu i Hubei ētahi huringa pai.

Kua tino pai ake te taumata o te whakahiato ahumahi. I runga i te whakahiato o mua, e kitea ana te pānga whanaketanga whakahiato o te rōpū ahumahi kakahu o Hubei. Kua hangaia e Wuhan, Jingzhou, Tianmen, Xiantao, Qianjiang me ētahi atu wāhi he tauine motuhake o te rohe whakahiato kakahu. Kua puta ake he maha o ngā tāone ahumahi rongonui pērā i a Hanchuan, te Tāone Hanga Kakahu rongonui o Haina, te Tāone o Cenhe, te tāone tarau wahine rongonui o Haina, te Tāone o Maozui, me te Tāone o Tianmen, te turanga whakaaturanga ahumahi hokohoko ipurangi kakahu o Haina.

I Tianmen, kei te hangaia te turanga hokohoko ipurangi mō te hanga kakahu taketake hōiho mā. I kī a Wang Zhonghua, te heamana o Baima Group: "I tēnei wā, he pai te rīhi me te hoko o ngā whare hanga o te kamupene, ā, kua hokona te nuinga."